Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic immune-inflammatory chronic disease mainly characterized by inflammatory syno⁃ vitis. A large number of inflammatory cells or immune cells gather in the inflammatory site of the joint，which will cause damage to ar⁃ ticular cartilage in the long run. The drugs currently used to treat rheumatoid arthritis can cause serious side effects to patients due to non-targeting，poor biocompatibility，and the need for long-term administration. Therefore，targeted therapy for the disease is a key mea⁃ sure to improve the therapeutic effect and reduce the dosage. Natural biomimetic nano-drug delivery system has been proven to have low toxicity，non-immunogenicity，high targeting，and good biocompatibility，so it has become a hot spot in the field of autoimmune dis⁃ eases research. This paper reviewed and summarized the targeting mechanism and therapeutic advantages of the natural biomimetic nano-drug delivery system currently used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by consulting data and literature，and predicted the development trend and application of the natural biomimetic nanomaterial system in the future，so as to provide scientific basis for fur⁃ ther research of the disease.